raffinetti



ZSheets-Sheeb l. RRAPPINETTI, J. AUSTIN; & E. GANDOLPO'. Kiln for Burning Brick, Pottery, 8L0. No. 2 2 4,352. Patented Feb.10, I880.

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, Kiln for Burning Brick, Pottery, 8L0.

No. 224,352; Patented Feb. '10, I880.-

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- UNITED STATES PATENT O FRANCIS RAFFINETTI, OF Genoa, "ITALY, Ann .iAMns AUSTIN AND EMANUEL GANDOIJFO, on NEW YORK, N. Y.

Kl LN F0 a Bu ammo B RICK, P'OITT ERY, 84o.

SPECIFICATION forming part ofiLetters-Patenii No. 224,3'52,dated February 10, 1880.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that we, FRANois RA-FFINETII, of the city of Genoa, Province of Genoa, Kingdom of Italy, and JAMES AUSTINBJJG'EMAN:

UEL GANDOLFO, both of the city, county, and.

State of New York, have invented; a new and useful Improvement in Kilns; and we do here by declare that the following is an -exact de-' scription of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming, a part of this specification.

The object is to so construct a kiln that the machinery required. for molding,& c., can be placed in close proximity thereto, and to provid'e auxiliary drums and 1e proper connectin g-tubes in order a to raise or reduce thetem-f;

perature of the kiln.

Referring to the drawings, Figure Letter Av represents theouter wall of the. r

. kiln. B is a division-wall, which. dividesthe interior'oi' the kilni-nto two; compartments, 0

D, which are closed. at the top, as shown. in

Fig. IV.

d d are spaces between the outer walls, A,

and the division wall B, in order'toiallow the products of. combustion to circulate through both sides of .thekilnz' V J a G G are fire-places, where the fires to h'eat the'kiln are" built. 'There'may be any number of them. They extend into the; compart- 'ments nearly to the divisionwall .i; gig'are doors communicating with the fire-places, fitted with valves, dampers, &c., required for regu- Animation filed October 1'4; 1e19,

orhollow spaces-J, which arefilled with nonconductive material. a

The productsof combustion, after leaving thefireplaces and circulating throughout the ovens. or, compartments, pass through openings K into; a conduit, L, builtin the division'- wall B. -From2 this conduit the products of combustion pass into horizontal drum O, built in the. division-wall and running length wise of hi a A v The number of the openings K is to be according, to the-size of the kiln.

Afterthe products of combustion have circulated through thedrum 0- they are allowed to pass into another drum,P, through the pipe Q,;a1s0 builtin the division-wall B underneath the drum 0, and running parallel with it. From this drum P the products of combustion pass outinto the chimney.

-.-The pipesQ are provided with valves or dampers, in order to govern or regulate the amount of heat that is to escape from the drum Oy andconsequently from the ovens or compartments. 1 I a When it is; required ,to burn simultaneously certain goods longer or by different degrees "of temperature, a portion of the kiln is divided into one or more special compartments, as the case may require, by means of iron plates R, placed on either side of the openings or doors H H. '(See Fig. IL) These plates are of an espeeialpattern so that they can; be put in and out ofposition at option; By means of these plates-two or more fireplaces-canbe inclosed, so as to make them independent of the other parts of the kiln, allowing thus to be heated up to the temperature required without interfering withthe kiln. 7

In case the'circumstances make it necessary to have the kiln divided into such special com partments as are pointed out above for considerable length of time, or permanently, for considerations of economy or otherwise, the iron plates referred to above can be substituted with brick walls in order to obtain the same results asspecified above.

Inthe vaults over the fire-places and compartments are openings S, acting as ventilating-shafts when so required, to let the raditemperature of the rest of the,

ant heat pass into the drying-room T, immediately above the kiln. They are also used for the introduction of the goods or substances that are to be burned after they have been dried in the aforesaid drying-room.

On the top of the drum 0, and at about the middle of the kiln, is set a tubular boiler, W, the flues of which are in connection with the drum, so that the water in said boiler is heated by the products of combustion passing through said flues. In this way a steam motive power is produced and utilized for the molding, moving, 850., of the goods manufactured.

The works can be lighted, if required, by fixing vertical retorts in the openings or ventilating-shafts S, referred to above, in the vaults oy er the fire-places or compartments, and with petroleum, tar, or other matter containing hydrogen in great quantities, and illuminating-gas is produced without interfering with the working of the kiln, since the said openings S are used as ventilating shafts or inlets for the substances or goods to be burned successively in relation to the order in which the fires are made and kept up. Any suitable device can be applied for testing the temperature of the oven, and in this instance it may be found that pyroscopes fixed to the doors of the fire-places answer the purpose the best.

as m are two auxiliary drums built in the division-wall, and running parallelly with the drums O and P. The ends of these drums are connected, as shown, by tube 00*. The drums are joined in center or at intervals by tubes as. The openings S over the ovens of compartments are joined to the said auxiliary drums by pipes y y, through which the heat can be made to pass from the ovens into the drums 00 00. The tubes 3 y are provided with a valve or lock, Z, for the purpose of letting into or shutting ofi from the auxiliary drums at: m the radiant heat of the vaults or ovens.

The object of these auxiliary drums is, first, to regulate the heat in the ovens or compartments; second, to cause a rapid cooling off of the compartments and of the substances therein when they are ready to be extracted; third, to enable the action of the kiln to be either continuous or intermittent; fourth, to cause the suspension of the action of the kiln at night, if required, without causing injury to the substances in process of burning.

The above advantages are secured by opening the damper Z, which allows the heat in the ovens to pass into the auxiliary drums. This heat can either be kept in said drums or, if required, thrown back into the oven; or it can be allowed to pass through the auxiliary drums into the ovens on the other sides, and thence into the chimney through the drums O and P.

Over the ovens or compartments is reared a housed'in room, T, which is intended for a drying-room, receiving the heat for that purpose from the kiln below, as pointed out above.

The kiln is surrounded with guards U U, standing some distance from the outer walls of the kiln, so as to leave a passage. The object of these guards is to shelter the firemen and others addicted to the works, and also to protect the kiln from the effects of atmospheric air and dampness. Above these guards and passages are reared two or more rooms, V, in which can be arranged such machinery as is required generally for the manufacture of clay and earthenware goods.

Having thus described our invention, we desire to claim 1. In a heating and baking kiln, the outer wall, A, provided with the upright cavities J, and with the interior or middle wall, B, forming the housing or frame of the kiln, the two being separated from each other by the flues d d, substantially as shown, and for the purpose set forth. I

2. The guards U U, in combination with the wall A, for the purpose of protecting the workmen and interrupting the severe drafts of air, substantially as set forth.

3. The auxiliary drum :1: .10, having the tubes as and y y, in combination with the openings S S in the top of the compartments 0 D, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The kiln having the exterior wall, A, provided with the guardsU U and openings Hg, the interior wall, B, having the tubes OP and auxiliary drum m w, the fire-places G G, the movable frames or platforms I, the divisionp'lates R, the proper dome, the drying and machinery rooms, located above the heating parts and connected therewith by means of the tubes S S, as shown and described.

FRANCIS RAFFINETTI. JAMES AUSTIN.

EML. GANDOLFO.

Witnesses:

F. BARRITT,

IRVING S. HUNT. 

